Response of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to Different Soil Amendments in Rainforest Ecology of Southern Nigeria

Response of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to Different Soil Amendments in Rainforest Ecology of Southern Nigeria
Ikopima Uwemedimo Thomas1, Ofonime Raphael Akata2, Patrick Ibanga Udounang3, Fidel Ekanikpong Ben4
1 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria NG flag
2 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria NG flag
3 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria NG flag
4 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria NG flag
DOI: 10.70110/osse.v3i2.49
Issue Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Open Soil Science and Environment
Published 2025-12-27

Keywords:

Cassava Fertilization Poultry manure Soil amendment
PDF Download PDF: 187 times
Views: 177

Abstract

Background: In Nigeria, cassava is considered one of the primary crops for ensuring food security, however the soil fertility be one of major problem.
Aims: The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect fertilization on growth and yield of cassava.
Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Akwa Ibom State University, Teaching and Research, Obio Akpa Campus. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, replicated three times. Growth and yield data were collected. All growth and yield data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant means were tested with LSD at 5% probability level.
Result: Among the fertilizer treatments, the treatment of 5t/h PM produced significant storage root yield of 32.18 and 31.16t/ha. Application of 5t/ha of EFBA produced 25.17 and 25.23t/ha of storage root yield in 2024 and 2025 cropping seasons, respectively. The treatment of 400kg/ha of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer produced 27.24 and 28.80 t/ha storage root yield. The result showed that the treatment of poultry manure produced 15-43% and 9-47% higher storage root yield compared to the other treatments in both cropping seasons. PM treatment generated the highest economic returns across both cropping seasons, yielding N 4,020,700 and N 4,119,000 for the 2024 and 2025 seasons, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio for the PM treatment was recorded at 3.12 and 3.09, while the CD treatment had benefit ratios of 2.54 and 2.83.
Conclusion: For high yield and economic returns to management. The study therefore recommended the application of poultry manure, followed by Cow Dung (CD) and oil palm empty fruit bunch ash (EFBA).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Authors

1
Ikopima Uwemedimo Thomas Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
2
Ofonime Raphael Akata Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
3
Patrick Ibanga Udounang Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
4
Fidel Ekanikpong Ben Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

How to Cite

Thomas, I. U., Akata, O. R., Udounang, P. I., & Ben, F. E. (2025). Response of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to Different Soil Amendments in Rainforest Ecology of Southern Nigeria. Open Soil Science and Environment, 3(2), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.70110/osse.v3i2.49

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Ikopima Uwemedimo Thomas, Ofonime Raphael Akata, Patrick Ibanga Udounang, Fidel Ekanikpong Ben

References

1.
Adekiya, A. O., Faronbi, O. A., Adekiya, S. M., Oloniluyi, A. O., & Lawal, T. E. (2025). Enhancing cassava yield value and profitability through Tithonia diversifolia and cow dung applications in a tropical derived savanna Alfisol. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 42684. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26753-z
2.
Akata, O.R., Essien. O.A., Ben, F.E., Enyong, J.K. & Chukwu, N.E. (2024). Effect of Different Levels of Poultry Manure on Growth and Yield of an Amaranthus Plant (Amaranthus hybridus) in Obio Akpa, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10 (4); 744–751.
3.
Amelework, A. B., Bairu, M. W., Maema, O., Venter, S. L., & Laing, M. (2021). Adoption and promotion of resilient crops for climate risk mitigation and import substitution: A case analysis of Cassava for South African Agriculture. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 617783. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.617783
4.
Bilong, E. G., Abossolo-Angue, M., Ajebesone, F. N., Anaba, B. D., Madong, B. À., Nomo, L. B., & Bilong, P. (2022). Improving soil physical properties and cassava productivity through organic manures management in the southern Cameroon. Heliyon, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09570
5.
Cock, J. H., & Connor, D. J. (2021). Cassava. In Crop physiology case histories for major crops (pp. 588-633). Academic Press.
6.
Essien, B.A., Ikeh, A.O., Ndaeyo, U. N. and Essien, J. B. (2018). Effects of Organic Fertilizer Sources and Levels on Growth and Yield of Extra Early Maize (Zea mays L.) in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Forestry, Environment and Sustainable Development, 4:1: 76-84.
7.
Essien, G. E., Sule, N. A., & Ukem, B. (2025). Optimizing Cassava Productivity on Coastal Plain Sands: Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management Using Poultry Manure and Microbial Fertilizer (CHC) under Conventional and Reduced Tillage. Asian Soil Research Journal, 9(4), 172-183.
8.
FAOSTAT (2020). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy: FAOSTAT 2020. Glicksman, M. Staches., In M. Glicksman, ed. Gum technology in the food industry. New York: Academic Press, 1969, 278pp.
9.
Guo, Y. (2020). Closing yield gap of cassava for food security in West Africa. Nature Food, 1(6), 325-325.
10.
Idem, N. U. A., Ikeh, A. O., Asikpo, N. S. and Udoh, E. I. (2012). Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfaria Occidentalis, Hook.F) in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Nigeria Journal of Agriculture and Social Research, 12:2: 74-84.
11.
Ikeh, A. O., Sampson, H. U., Ukabiala, M. E., Anonaba, N. K., Okamigbo, J. N., & Akuwueze, C. G. (2025). Effect of Soil Ameliorations on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) Yield and Soil Physico-chemical Properties in an Ultisol of Southeastern Nigeria. Open Science and Technology, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33292/ost.v5i1.146.
12.
Ikeh, A. O., Ndaeyo, N.U and Ikeh, C.E. (2023a). Effects of integrated fertilization on soil sustainability and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) yield in an ultisol, Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science, 4(2): 89-102. https://doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v4i2.197
13.
Ikeh, A.O., J. O. Orji, J. O., Sampson, H. U. and Akata, O. R. (2023b). Effect of Oil Palm Bunch Refuse Ash in Sustainable Production of Egusi-Melon (Colocynthis citrullus) in an Ultisol. Asian Journal Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 10 (3), pp. 138-148. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAHR/2023/v10i324.
14.
Jindaluang, W., Somarsa, W., Darunsontaya, T., Anusontpornperm, S., & Jaroenchasri, R. (2025). Effect of chicken manure and cassava starch manufacturing wastes on aggregate stability and yield of cassava grown on Sandy Soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 25(1), 291-302.
15.
Loha, G., Gidago, G., Paulos, M., & Munda, D. (2023). Cassava Research in Ethiopia and Achievements: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(4), 56-68.
16.
Nassy, M.L.M., Hauser, S., Egwekhide, M., Batawila, K., Kulakow, P. & Abberton, M. 2020. Leaf and roots yields responses of three improved cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties to organo-mineral fertilizers and leaf harvest in the South-West Nigeria. Int J Biol Chem Sci 14, 1432–1447. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.21
17.
Ndaeyo, N. U., Ikeh, A. O., Nkeme, K. K., Akpan, E. A. and Udoh, E. I. (2013). Growth and Foliar Yield of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare Jacq) to Complementary Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer in an Ultisol. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2013/2599.
18.
Odedina, J., Ojeniyi, S. & Odedina, S. (2012). Integrated nutrient management for sustainable cassava production in South Western Nigeria. Arch Agron Soil Sci 58, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2012.695865
19.
Sampson, H. U., Ikeh, A. O., Orji, J. O., Uko, U. I., Okparaiheoma, D. A., Akuwueze, C. G., Anonaba, N. K., & Okamigbo, J. N. (2025). Effects of Soil Amelioration on Productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) in an Ultisol of Southeastern Nigeria. Open Soil Science and Environment, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.70110/osse.v3i1.33